Data and Statistics are words that are often used interchangeably. In the academic and research world, there is an important distinction between data and statistics. Data is individual pieces of factual information recorded and used for the purpose of analysis. Statistics are the results of data analysis. Data is the raw information from which statistics are created. Put in the reverse, statistics provide an interpretation and summary of data. Statistics are often,but not always, presented in the form of a table, chart, or graph.
If you want to dig into an idea, you may want data. Data can be analyzed and interpreted using statistical procedures to answer “why” or “how.” Data is used to support and create new information and knowledge.
Raw data is the direct result of research that was conducted as part of a study or survey. It is a primary source. It usually comes in the form of a digital data set that can be analyzed using software such as Excel, SPSS, SAS, R and so on. This is what a data set looks like:
If you’re looking for a quick number, you want a statistic. A statistic will answer “how much” or “how many”. A statistic repeats a pre-defined observation about reality.
Statistics are the results of data analysis. They usually come in the form of a table or chart. This is what a statistical table looks like:
