APA 7 came out in October of 2019 with quite a few changes. Most of the changes are format related, with a few changes to references and in-text citation. If you're curious what all changed, here is a quick run-down of what is new:
Purdue Owl is the top rated writing style website out there. If you have further questions on APA, reach out to the Writing Center. They are located on the 3rd floor of the LARC in room 333. They can be reached by phone, (636) 949-4870, or by email, writingcenter@lindenwood.edu.
A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique and persistent identifier which provides a link to an object on the Internet via a registration and indexing service.
DOIs are often used in citations and discovery services to provide permanent links to online articles, ebooks, images, reports, and other types of digital objects. The DOI acts as a pointer to the actual location of the item.
We use DOIs for a few things. Essentially, we use the DOI to refer back to a single article.
1) When we cite articles, we're often asked to include the DOI. In APA, you would need to include the DOI at the end of the citation, like this:
Pope, B., Hough, M. C., & Chase, S. (2016). Ethics in community nursing. Online Journal of Health Ethics, 12(2) doi:10.18785/ojhe.1202.03
In APA, abbreviations should be limited to instances when a) the abbreviation is standard and will not interfere with the reader’s understanding and b) if space and repetition can be greatly avoided through abbreviation. When abbreviating a term, use the full term the first time you use it, followed immediately by the abbreviation in parentheses.
Exceptions: Standard abbreviations like units of measurement and states do not need to be written out. APA also allows abbreviations that appear as words in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary to be used without explanation (IQ, REM, AIDS, HIV).
Titles Ending in Punctuation
When the title of a work ends with a punctuation mark, such as a question mark or exclamation point, this punctuation mark takes the place of the period that would otherwise be added at the end of the title.
The punctuation for the sentence goes AFTER the parenthesis. (put the period after your citation!)
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.
Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend. Yale University Press.
*The APA 7 updates removed location.*
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Publisher.
Armstrong, D. (2019). Malory and character. In M. G. Leitch, & C. J. Rushton (Eds.), A new companion to Malory (pp. 144-163). D. S. Brewer.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/10.0000/0000
Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710821161
*APA 7 update has the doi ALWAYS starting with https://*
Online scholarly journal articles without a DOI require the URL of the journal home page. Remember that one goal of citations is to provide your readers with enough information to find the article; providing the journal home page aids readers in this process.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. Retrieved from https://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with eating disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Individual webpages and documents hosted online are cited similarly to print content. Note, however, that the URL is typically included at the end of the entry. The URL may, at the author's discretion, be left as an active link. Include additional information (like translators, editors, first edition publication date, and so on) as you would for print sources.
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21). Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims. https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims
No Author
Title of page. (Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
Quantum mechanics. (2019, November 19). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics
If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.
If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.
Place direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a free-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.)
If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses.
Note: When citing material in parentheses, set off the citation with a comma, as above. Also, try to locate the original material and cite the original source.
