Open Educational Resources

 The term “public domain” refers to creative materials that are not protected by intellectual property laws such as copyright, trademark, or patent laws. The public owns these works, not an individual author or artist. Anyone can use a public domain work without obtaining permission, but no one can ever own it.

There are four common ways that works arrive in the public domain:

• The copyright has expired
• The copyright owner failed to follow copyright renewal rules
• The copyright owner deliberately places it in the public domain, known as “dedication”
• Copyright law does not protect this type of work.

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable.